Printable stain removal chart
The first few minutes decide most stains. This chart gives you the water temperature, the first move, the cleaner that does the work and the mistake that sets the stain, for 48 common stains grouped by type. Print it with your browser's print command; it fits on two letter-size pages.
Before anything: Blot, don't rub; scrape solids; work from the back of the fabric. Test every remover on a hidden spot first. Cold water first when the stain is unknown or protein-based. No dryer or iron until the stain is gone. Never mix removers; rinse between products; never combine chlorine bleach with ammonia, acids (vinegar, lemon) or alcohol. Check the care label; 'dry clean only' items go to a dry cleaner.
Protein stains
| Stain | Water | First step | What works | Never |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | cold | Rinse/soak in cold water from the back | Enzyme presoak; 3% hydrogen peroxide for traces | Hot water or dryer before it's gone |
| Sweat | hottest safe for fabric | Pretreat with prewash remover or bar soap; color change: ammonia on fresh, vinegar on old | Enzyme detergent or oxygen bleach | Iron/dry over stains; ammonia + chlorine bleach |
| Cat urine | cool | Blot thoroughly, rinse with cool water, extract | Enzymatic pet cleaner | Steam cleaner/heat; ammonia-based cleaners |
| Urine | cool | Rinse with cool water; soak in cool water with heavy-duty liquid detergent | Enzyme product; bleach safe for fabric | Hot water first; ammonia/vinegar + chlorine bleach |
| Dog urine | cool | Blot thoroughly, rinse with cool water, extract | Enzymatic pet cleaner | Steam/heat; ammonia-based cleaners |
| Poop (feces) | cold first | Scrape off; rinse/soak in cold water | Enzyme presoak or oxygen bleach; detergent paste; chlorine if safe | Hot water first |
| Vomit | cold | Scrape, soak in cold water | Enzyme product; bleach safe for fabric | Hot water first |
| Semen | cold | Rinse/soak in cold water | Enzyme product; bleach safe for fabric | Hot water first |
| Milk | cold first, then warm | Rinse/soak in cold water | Enzyme product; prewash remover | Hot water first |
Tannin stains
| Stain | Water | First step | What works | Never |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red wine | cool, then hottest safe with bleach | Blot; sponge or soak in cool water ~30 minutes (fresh: salt can absorb first) | Prewash remover; bleach safe for fabric (chlorine if allowed) | Bar soap; dryer |
| Coffee | cool, then wash with bleach safe for fabric | Sponge or soak in cool water | Prewash remover or liquid detergent; enzyme for old stains | Bar soap; dryer |
| Berries and juice | cool rinse, then hot detergent wash | Rinse promptly with cool water | Oxygen bleach soak; detergent + vinegar soak; alcohol | Soap |
| Tea | cool, then wash with bleach safe for fabric | Sponge or soak in cool water | Prewash remover or liquid detergent; enzyme for old | Bar soap; dryer |
Oil and grease stains
| Stain | Water | First step | What works | Never |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grease and oil | hottest safe for fabric | Absorb excess (talc/cornstarch), then pretreat with liquid detergent, dish soap or solvent prewash | Heavy-duty liquid detergent / dish soap; cleaning fluid for heavy stains | Dryer before the oil ring is gone; cold wash alone |
| Petroleum jelly | hottest safe | Absorb/scrape excess; pretreat with prewash spot remover | Heavy-duty liquid detergent; cleaning fluid | Dryer before gone |
| Sunscreen | hottest safe | Pretreat with prewash remover or heavy-duty liquid detergent | Heavy-duty liquid detergent; cleaning fluid | Dryer before gone |
Dye stains
| Stain | Water | First step | What works | Never |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Permanent marker | n/a | Blot with rubbing alcohol from back onto paper towels | Rubbing alcohol; acetone (not on acetate) | Launder first; wet rubbing |
| Hair dye | warm soaks per UGA | Rinse immediately; pretreat with liquid detergent | Detergent-ammonia soak then vinegar soak then alcohol (UGA red dye); bleach safe for fabric | Chlorine bleach on colors/wool/silk/spandex |
| Dry erase marker | n/a for alcohol step; hot wash after | Blot with rubbing alcohol on paper towels | Rubbing alcohol; oxygen bleach in wash | Dryer before gone; wet rubbing |
| Marker | washable: wash; permanent: solvent first | Washable felt-tip: detergent wash; permanent: rubbing alcohol from back | Liquid detergent; rubbing alcohol | Launder permanent ink before treating |
| Mustard | cold flush, then hottest safe | Scrape excess; flush with cold water; pretreat | Prewash remover; bleach (chlorine preferred if safe); 3% peroxide | Dryer before gone; note alkaline products can turn the turmeric dye red |
| Soy sauce | warm soak | Soak in warm water with oxygen (perborate-type) bleach 15–30 min | Oxygen bleach; prewash remover | Dryer before gone |
| Turmeric | cold flush, then hottest safe | Scrape; flush with cold water; pretreat (treat like mustard) | Prewash remover; bleach safe for fabric | Expect alkaline soap/detergent to turn it red-orange, not to remove it |
Combination stains
| Stain | Water | First step | What works | Never |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ink | n/a for solvent step; then normal wash | Pretreat before washing: blot with rubbing alcohol or cleaning fluid from the back onto paper towels | Rubbing alcohol; glycerin for ballpoint; prewash remover | Launder first; acetone on acetate; rubbing |
| Chocolate | cool soak, then hottest safe | Scrape excess, soak in cool water | Prewash remover/enzyme detergent; bleach safe for fabric | Hot water first; dryer |
| Tomato sauce and ketchup | cold | Remove excess with spoon; run cold water through from back | Prewash remover / heavy-duty liquid detergent; bleach safe for fabric | Dabbing/rubbing; dryer |
| Makeup | per care label; warm-hot wash | Water-based: dampen, rub bar soap or liquid detergent; oil-based: cleaning fluid/prewash first | Prewash remover, heavy-duty liquid detergent; solvent for eye makeup | Dryer before gone |
| Grass | per label; bleach-safe wash | Pretreat or soak with enzyme product | Enzyme product; bleach safe for fabric; alcohol for traces | Chlorine bleach on non-bleachable fabrics |
| Lipstick | per label | Blot with rubbing alcohol (70–90%) over paper towels, or prewash remover | Rubbing alcohol; cleaning fluid; heavy-duty detergent | Dryer before gone |
Wax, gum and resin
| Stain | Water | First step | What works | Never |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gum | n/a until removed | Harden with ice, scrape off | Prewash solvent spray or cleaning fluid | Wash or dry with gum attached; pour solvent on carpet |
| Wax | n/a until removed; then hot wash | Let harden, scrape; press between paper towels with warm iron | Cleaning fluid/prewash for residue; bleach safe for fabric for dye | Hot wash before removing wax |
| Tree sap | hottest safe after solvent | Scrape residue; sponge with cleaning fluid face-down on paper towels | Cleaning fluid / dry-cleaning solvent | Wash before dissolving the resin |
| Crayon | hot | Few spots: scrape, treat like candle wax or rub with bar soap; whole load: hot wash with soap + 1 cup baking soda | Prewash remover; dish liquid; bleach safe for fabric | Drying a crayon-stained load |
| Tar | hottest safe after solvent | Scrape; sponge with cleaning fluid face-down on paper towels | Cleaning fluid / dry-cleaning solvent; then heavy-duty detergent | Washing before dissolving |
Dirt and particles
| Stain | Water | First step | What works | Never |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Play-Doh-style modeling dough | cold only | Let it dry completely, then brush/scrape off and vacuum | Mild soap and cold water for residue | Hot water |
| Mud | per label | Let dry, brush off as much as possible | Detergent paste or liquid; enzyme presoak for heavy stains | Working on it while wet — let it dry and brush off first |
| Chalk | hot wash after alcohol | Brush/vacuum dry chalk first; blot with rubbing alcohol on paper towels | Rubbing alcohol; detergent + oxygen bleach | Wetting it before the dry chalk is vacuumed/brushed off |
| Pollen | n/a for dry removal | Let dry; lift with adhesive tape or soft brush/vacuum — do not rub with fingers | Tape/vacuum; then prewash remover and wash; peroxide or alcohol for traces (UGA flowers) | Rubbing with hands or a wet cloth |
Mineral and rust stains
| Stain | Water | First step | What works | Never |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deodorant | normal/hot wash | Light: pretreat with liquid detergent; heavy: prewash remover 5–10 min | Oxygen bleach in wash; vinegar/ammonia for color change | Expect buildup of aluminum/zinc salts may be permanent |
| Rust | n/a | Apply fabric rust remover (or salt + lemon juice + sun on colorfast items) | Rust remover (oxalic acid type); lemon juice | Chlorine bleach |
Mold, mildew and biological stains
| Stain | Water | First step | What works | Never |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mildew and mold | hottest safe for fabric | Brush off outdoors, then launder | Bleach safe for fabric (chlorine if allowed, else oxygen); salt + lemon + sun alternative | Brush indoors; mix bleach with ammonia or acids; store damp |
Glue, paint and polymers
| Stain | Water | First step | What works | Never |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slime | cool | Lift off as much as possible before adding liquid; then white vinegar to break the gel | White vinegar, then liquid detergent | Rub wet slime in; dryer before clean; vinegar + chlorine bleach on same spot |
| Paint | Latex: warm-water rinse while wet; oil-based: solvent first | Treat while wet; scrape excess; latex: rinse and rub in detergent; oil: thinner named on can (or mineral spirits/turpentine) | Liquid detergent (latex); paint thinner/mineral spirits (oil) | Let it dry; machine-dry |
| Nail polish | n/a | Check fiber; blot from back over paper towels with nail polish remover/acetone | Acetone (non-oily remover); amyl acetate for acetate | Acetone on acetate, triacetate, modacrylic; rubbing |
| Glue | cold for white/school glue | White glue: soak in cold water; adhesives: ice, scrape, solvent | Water/detergent (white glue); cleaning fluid or amyl acetate/acetone for other glues | Expect super glue may not come out |
| Putty | n/a until removed | Scrape off; sponge with amyl acetate or non-oily acetone remover | Acetone (not on acetate) / cleaning fluid, then prewash | Acetone on acetate fibers |
| Caulk | warm sudsy water | Scrape excess; latex/silicone: warm dish-detergent solution; butyl: naphtha/mineral spirits | Dish detergent solution; mineral spirits for butyl | Over-wetting carpet with solvent |
Scorch and heat damage
| Stain | Water | First step | What works | Never |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scorch | hot | Light: 3% peroxide kept moist several minutes; launder with bleach safe for fabric | Hydrogen peroxide; chlorine (if safe) or oxygen bleach | Expect severe scorch cannot be removed |
Sources
- Stain Removal for Washable Fabrics (HE 2-840 / FCS2-840), University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service
- Removing Clothing Stains, Guide C-502 (rev. 2019), New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service
- Spot Solver, The Carpet and Rug Institute
- A General Guide to Stain Removal, Extension Bulletin E-1453 (adapted from Purdue; based on USDA Home and Garden Bulletin 62), Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service
- Stain Removal Guide, American Cleaning Institute
- Quick Stain Removal Guide, L-5199, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension
- Hazard Alert: Mixing Bleach with Other Cleaning Products Can Be Deadly, New Jersey Department of Health
- Dangers of Mixing Bleach with Cleaners, Washington State Department of Health
- Remove Stains From Blood, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Paint, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Grease (Automotive, Cooling, Vaseline), University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Chewing Gum, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Ink (Ballpoint, Felt Tip, India, Mimeo, Stamp Pad), University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Perspiration, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Mildew, Mold, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture and Your Home, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Remove Stains From Candle Wax, Paraffin, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Fingernail Polish, Lacquer, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Litter Box Problems, ASPCA
- How to Remove Pet Stains and Odors, Humane World for Animals (formerly The Humane Society of the United States)
- Remove Stains From Urine (Human, Animal), University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Chocolate/Cocoa (Candy, Ice Cream, Syrup), University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Ketchup, Tomato, Tomato-based Sauces/Juices, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Alcoholic Beverages, Beer, Wine, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Dye (Hair, Food Coloring, Other), University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Coffee, Tea, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Cosmetics/Makeup/Sunscreen, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Antiperspirant, Deodorant, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Grass, Flowers, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Feces/manure (Human, Animal), University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Iron, Rust, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Glue (Airplane, Super, Adhesive/Cellulose Tape), University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Mustard, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Secret Messages (turmeric/curcumin as a pH indicator), Paul Brandt, Jan 2025, Chicago Section, American Chemical Society
- Mustard (condiment) — yellow mustard colored with turmeric (background), Wikipedia
- Remove Stains From Crayon, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Modeling compound product page: 'To clean, allow to dry, then scrape or vacuum' (manufacturer care guide), Hasbro Consumer Care
- Remove Stains From Silly Putty, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Care Products, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension (Textiles)
- Remove Stains From Sauce (Soy, Worcestershire, Steak), University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Fruits, Red Vegetables, Jam/Jelly/Preserves, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Remove Stains From Caulking, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Colored Chalk on Washable Fabrics / on Carpet, Crayola LLC
- Remove Stains From Oil-Based Foods, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- Removing lily pollen from fabric (flower-care manufacturer guide), Chrysal International
- Remove Stains From Scorch, Burns, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
Test every cleaner on a hidden spot first, and never mix cleaning products. Combinations to avoid.